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Ethiopia

Republic of Ethiopia
East Africa•AU•Lower-Middle Income
POPULATION
132M
Public Debt / GDP
24.3%
2025
External Debt / GDP
10.9%
2025
Debt Svc / Revenue
7.7%
2025
Debt Svc / Exports
12.6%
2025
Interest / Revenue
2.8%
2025

Debt Composition & Creditor Analysis

External vs Domestic Debt

External
Debt
45%
Domestic
Debt
55%

By Creditor Type

Multilateral35%
Bilateral25%
Paris Club15%
Eurobond15%
Other Priv.10%

By Instrument Type

Bonds45.8%
Loans41.0%
Other15.6%

Average Lending Terms (External)

%
6%
Interest
⏱
8yr
Maturity
⏱
5yr
Grace
No active restructuring

CAP Pillar 2: Debt Management Quality

Data Dissemination
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Debt Strategy (MTDS)
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Borrowing Plan
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Domestic Market Dev.
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Comprehensive Debt Analytics

Explore in-depth macroeconomic vulnerability, fiscal sustainability, and sovereign risk indicators for Ethiopia.

Vulnerability Indicator Explorer

Select an indicator to analyze Ethiopia's performance against international benchmarks.

24.3%
Current (2025)
-0.1 pp YoY
Within 35% target
Analysis

Ethiopia's public debt at 24.3% of GDP is below the 35% prudential benchmark, suggesting manageable indebtedness relative to the economy. This provides fiscal space for counter-cyclical spending and public investment.

The most widely used measure of overall indebtedness relative to economic activity. It reflects the government's solvency capability and long-term fiscal space.

Net Financial Flows

Disbursements (Inflows) vs Principal & Interest Repayments (Outflows).

Net Positive Flows

In 2025, Ethiopia received $4.6B in disbursements while repaying $2.0B — a net inflow of $2.6B. The country is receiving more resources than it is repaying, providing additional financing for development.

Profile of Maturing Debts (2025)

Breakdown of short-term (<1 year), medium-term (1-9 years) and long-term (10+ years) debt liabilities.

Short-Term (<1 yr)
$5B
16.3% of total
Medium-Term (1-9 yrs)
$14.2B
46.3% of total
Long-Term (10+ yrs)
$11.5B
37.5% of total
Analysis

Ethiopia has 16.3% of its debt maturing within one year, exceeding the 15% refinancing risk threshold. This elevated short-term exposure creates significant rollover risk — the government must frequently return to capital markets to refinance, leaving it vulnerable to sudden interest rate spikes or market closure.